metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Sodalite-rich Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep azure blue with golden pyrite inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep azure blue with golden pyrite inclusions
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep azure blue with golden pyrite inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where heat and chemical changes occur in limestone or dolomite. Famous deposits in Afghanistan are over 6,000 years old.
Uses & applications
Primary use in jewelry, cabochons, and beads. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for fine art and used for mosaics and small carvings.
Geological facts
It was the source of the world's most expensive blue pigment during the Renaissance. It was famously used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun and Vermeer's 'Girl with a Pearl Earring'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its intense 'Royal Blue' color and the presence of gold-toned pyrite specks and white calcite veins. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Myanmar.
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