metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Complex silicate mineral mix including Lazurite, Pyrite, and Calcite)
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Cubic (mostly aggregate masses); Cleavage: Uneven; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue to violet-blue
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Cubic (mostly aggregate masses); Cleavage: Uneven; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where heat and pressure from intrusive igneous rocks transform limestone or dolostone into marble containing lazurite.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for high-end jewelry, decorative ornaments, carvings, and historically ground into the pigment 'Ultramarine' for fine art painting.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli has been mined for over 6,500 years, notably in the Sar-e-Sang mines of Afghanistan. It was used by Ancient Egyptians for funeral masks, including King Tutankhamun's mask, and was favored by Renaissance painters.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its intense blue color, often accompanied by gold-colored specks of pyrite and white veins of calcite. Can be found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada.
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