Carnelian (Flame Polished)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Red-orange to brownish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & Geological History

Formed as a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz in silica-rich volcanic environments or through the precipitation of silica from groundwater in sedimentary pockets. The orange-red color is caused by the presence of iron oxide (hematite) impurities.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in lapidary arts, jewelry, and as decorative 'flame' carvings for collectors. Historically used for making signet rings and amulets.

Geological Facts

Carnelian was highly prized in ancient Egypt, where it was associated with the blood of Isis and used in the Book of the Dead as a protective amulet for the deceased. Its name is derived from the Latin 'cornum', meaning cornel cherry, due to its reddish hue.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinct orange-to-red translucency and waxy luster. Frequently found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. This specific specimen is 'flame-shaped', a popular modern lapidary cut that highlights its internal banding and color depth.

Identified on: 4/28/2026

Mode: Standard