metamorphic
White Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Creamy white (Mutton Fat); Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None/splintery fracture; Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Creamy white (Mutton Fat)
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Creamy white (Mutton Fat); Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None/splintery fracture; Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or from ultramafic rocks through hydrothermal processes. Most deposits range from Precambrian to Mesozoic in age.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used for jewelry, intricately carved prayer beads (mala), decorative ornaments, and traditional Chinese art objects.
Geological facts
Nephrite is valued more for its toughness than its hardness; its interlocking fibrous structure makes it more resistant to breakage than diamond. White nephrite, often called 'Mutton Fat Jade' in China, is historically the most prized variety.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel and high toughness. In the field, look for heavy water-worn boulders in riverbeds. Common locations include Hotan (China), British Columbia (Canada), and New Zealand.
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