metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Complex mixture of Lazurite ((Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2), Calcite, and Pyrite
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite streaks; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5 to 5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite streaks; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or dolostone is altered by magmatic heat, usually in mountainous regions. Major deposits are over 6,000 years old.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically ground into ultramarine pigment for fine art.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians, who used it for King Tutankhamun's funeral mask. It is one of the oldest known gemstones used in jewelry.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its intense blue 'ultramarine' color and distinctive brassy pyrite inclusions. Commonly found in the Sar-e-Sang mines of Afghanistan, as well as Russia and Chile.
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