metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Complex rock consisting primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2)
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite flecks and white calcite veins; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite flecks and white calcite veins; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or dolomite is altered by hydrothermal activity. Major deposits are found in the Sar-i Sang mines of Afghanistan, dating back over 6,000 years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and historically ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for fine art. Also valued in lithotherapy and as collector specimens.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians for amulets and ornaments, including the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. The blue pigment made from it was more expensive than gold during the Renaissance.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic intense blue color and the presence of gold-colored brassy pyrite inclusions. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. Test for calcite by looking for white streaks that may react with weak acid.
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