mineral

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace Iron impurities

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Pale lilac to deep purple
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Forms in hydrothermal veins or as linings within volcanic rock gas bubbles (geodes). The purple color is caused by natural irradiation of trace iron atoms within the crystal lattice. Formation can occur over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in jewelry, lapidary arts, and ornamental decoration. It is also a highly popular mineral for collectors and is used in various metaphysical and holistic practices.

Geological facts

Amethyst was considered one of the five cardinal gemstones until large deposits were found in Brazil. The name comes from the Ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to prevent drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive purple color and lack of cleavage (it breaks with smooth, curved glass-like surfaces). Found commonly in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and Ontario. Collectors should look for deep, uniform color and transparency.

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