mineral

Peridot (Olivine)

Olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive-green to lime-green, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 3.27-4.37

Hardness: 6

Identified June 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive-green to lime-green, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 3.27-4.37

Formation & geological history

Peridot (gem-quality olivine) forms deep within the Earth's mantle and is brought to the surface by volcanic activity. It is also found in pallasite meteorites. It typically forms in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in jewelry as a gemstone and for lapidary work. Industrial-grade olivine is used in metal casting and as a refractory material.

Geological facts

Peridot is known as the 'Gem of the Sun' by ancient Egyptians. It is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color. Notable specimens have been found on the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct olive-green color, glassy luster, and lack of visible cleavage. Commonly found in volcanic areas, such as the basalt fields of Arizona and Hawaii. Look for transparent to translucent green grains in basaltic rock.