mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Hardness: 7.5–8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7–2.8

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified January 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5–8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7–2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed in metamorphic or hydrothermal environments where beryllium and chromium meet. Often found in mica schists or calcite veins. Many specimens date from the Precambrian to Tertiary eras.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a high-value gemstone in jewelry. Lesser quality opaque stones are used for beadwork or mineral collecting.

Geological facts

Emeralds are part of 'The Big Four' precious stones alongside diamonds, rubies, and sapphires. Large, eye-clean emeralds can be more valuable than diamonds of the same weight.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hexagonal crystal habit and characteristic 'jardin' (internal inclusions). Commonly found in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Russia. Look for green crystals embedded in white quartz or dark schist matrix.

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