metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group ((Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive green to yellow-green, Luster: Waxy or greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Poor to perfect, Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive green to yellow-green, Luster: Waxy or greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Poor to perfect, Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the serpentinization (hydration and metamorphic transformation) of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, such as peridotite or pyroxenite, at low temperatures and high pressures.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, for carving into sculptures (often called 'New Jade'), in jewelry as cabochons, and historically as a source of asbestos and as high-temperature insulation.
Geological facts
The name comes from its resemblance to the skin of a serpent. Serpentine is the state rock of California and is often associated with tectonic plate boundaries and subduction zones.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, greasy feel, and characteristic green color. Found commonly in ophiolites or areas of oceanic crust being pushed onto land. Collectors should look for patterns like 'Snake Skin'.
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