metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Complex rock containing Sodalite, Lazurite, Calcite, and Pyrite)
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep blue with white (calcite) and gold (pyrite) inclusions; Luster: Dull to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7–2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep blue with white (calcite) and gold (pyrite) inclusions
- Luster
- Dull to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep blue with white (calcite) and gold (pyrite) inclusions; Luster: Dull to greasy; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7–2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. This process typically occurs when silica-rich magmas intrude into carbonate rocks. Major deposits date back millions of years, found primarily in hydrothermal environments.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historical pigments (ultramarine). It is highly valued as a semi-precious gemstone for decorative objects and metaphysical collecting.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was used in the burial mask of Tutankhamun and was the original source of the world's most expensive pigment, ultramarine blue, used by Renaissance artists like Vermeer.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic royal blue color and the presence of golden pyrite flecks. It is most famously found in the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan, as well as Chile, Russia, and Canada.
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