sedimentary
Limestone (Fossiliferous)
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, beige, light gray; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic or organic; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.7. Shows visible shell fragments and a rugged, weathered texture.
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, beige, light gray
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, beige, light gray; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic or organic; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.7. Shows visible shell fragments and a rugged, weathered texture.
Formation & geological history
Formed in warm, shallow marine environments from the accumulation of shell, coral, algal, and fecal debris. These sediments are lithified over millions of years through pressure and chemical precipitation.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as a building material, as aggregate for road base, in the manufacture of cement, and as a soil conditioner (lime) in agriculture.
Geological facts
Limestone makes up about 10% of the total volume of all sedimentary rocks. It is the primary rock type found in 'Karst' topography, where it can dissolve over time to form massive cave systems.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by applying a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid; limestone will fizz (effervesce) as it releases carbon dioxide. Check for visible marine fossils or a gritty, sandy feel.
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