mineral

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless to white/translucent; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: Indistinct (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Colorless to white/translucent
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified April 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments. Most commonly crystallizes from cooling magma or precipitates from hydrothermal veins. It is found in geological formations ranging from the Precambrian era to the present.

Uses & applications

Used widely in glassmaking, electronics (oscillators), manufacturing of abrasives, construction (as a component in sand and gravel), and as gemstones in jewelry.

Geological facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. Its name comes from the German word 'quarz', which likely has Slavic origins meaning 'hard'. It exhibits piezoelectricity, meaning it generates an electric charge under mechanical stress.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (it scratches glass and steel), lack of cleavage, and conchoidal fracture. Found globally, especially in granite outcrops, riverbeds, and beaches. Collectors should look for well-defined hexagonal crystal points.