metamorphic
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Carbon-based metamorphic rock)
Hardness: 2.0-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black with sub-metallic or iridescent luster; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 1.3-1.8.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Black with sub-metallic or iridescent luster
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.0-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black with sub-metallic or iridescent luster; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 1.3-1.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of bituminous coal. It involves high heat and pressure that drives off moisture and volatiles, typically in folded mountain belts.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for residential and commercial heating, power generation, and specialized industrial filtration processes. High carbon content makes it a clean-burning fuel.
Geological facts
Anthracite contains the highest carbon percentage (86%-98%) of all coal types. It is often referred to as 'hard coal' and was a primary energy source during the early Industrial Revolution in the US.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its bright metallic luster, deep black color, and the fact that it does not leave a black smudge on fingers like softer coal. Found primarily in Pennsylvania, USA, and parts of China and Russia.
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