mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper phyllosilicate mineral (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·n(H2O)

Hardness: 2.5 to 7.0 (variable); Color: Cyan (blue-green) to green; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (often amorphous/massive); Specific gravity: 2.0 to 2.4

Hardness: 2
Color: Cyan (blue-green) to green
Luster: Vitreous to earthy

Identified February 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5 to 7.0 (variable); Color: Cyan (blue-green) to green; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (often amorphous/massive); Specific gravity: 2.0 to 2.4

Formation & geological history

Forms in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies as a secondary mineral; often found associated with quartz, malachite, and azurite. It results from the weathering and alteration of primary copper minerals throughout various geological ages.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor ore of copper, as a gemstone for jewelry (beads, cabochons), and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Historically, the name was used by Theophrastus in 315 BCE to describe various materials used in soldering gold. High-quality chrysocolla that has been naturalized with quartz is often called 'Gem Silica' and is highly prized.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive blue-green color and tendency to stick to the tongue due to its porous nature (when not silicified). Found commonly in copper-rich regions like Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and Congo.

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