mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black, sometimes reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.3.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black, sometimes reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified May 24, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water, often in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs). It also occurs as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks or through hydrothermal activity. Much of the world's hematite dates back to the Great Oxygenation Event over 2 billion years ago.

Uses & applications

The world's most important ore of iron for steel production. Used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone for jewelry, beads, and carvings. Small specimens are often used as 'worry stones' or in metaphysical collections.

Geological facts

Hematite is known for its blood-red streak when rubbed on a porcelain plate, even if the specimen appears black. Its name comes from the Greek word 'haima,' meaning blood. It was famously discovered on Mars by the Opportunity rover, suggesting liquid water once existed there.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (heavy for its size) and its characteristic cherry-red streak when scratched. Common locations include the Lake Superior region (USA/Canada), Brazil, Australia, and China. Collectors should look for its metallic luster and cooling effect to the touch.