mineral

Citrine Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: Indistinct/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: Indistinct/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites when silica-rich fluids cool. Natural citrine gets its yellow hue from ferric iron impurities. Much of the commercial 'citrine' is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in gemstone jewelry (rings, pendants) due to its durability and color. Also popular in metaphysical collections and as a birthstone for November.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare compared to other quartz varieties. It is often referred to as the 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore, believed to bring prosperity and success to businesses.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass) and lack of cleavage. Look for a translucent yellow to orange-white color. Common locations include Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia (Ural Mountains).