Citrine

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & Geological History

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites. Most commercial citrine is produced by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz to alter their iron oxidation states.

Uses & Applications

Primary use is in the jewelry industry as a semi-precious gemstone. It is also a popular specimen for mineral collectors and is used in metaphysical practices.

Geological Facts

Natural citrine is quite rare in nature; most of the vibrant orange citrine on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst. It is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its clarity, lack of cleavage, and yellow-to-gold hue. In the field, look for hexagonal prismatic crystals. Major sources include Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Madagascar, and Russia.

Identified on: 4/21/2026

Mode: Standard