metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile; (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Typically olive, lime, or forest green with mottled patterns. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Structure: Often massive or fibrous. Specific Gravity: 2.5 to 2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Typically olive, lime, or forest green with mottled patterns
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Typically olive, lime, or forest green with mottled patterns. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Structure: Often massive or fibrous. Specific Gravity: 2.5 to 2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle are chemically altered by water. Common in plate boundary subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as a common decorative stone for carvings, jewelry (as 'New Jade' or 'Serpentine Jade'), and architectural finishing. Historically used as a source of asbestos and as a magnesium ore.
Geological facts
It is the official state rock of California. The name comes from the Latin 'serpentinus,' meaning 'resembling a serpent,' due to its green scaly appearance and texture that can feel slick or waxy.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive waxy luster, varying shades of green, and softness (can often be scratched with a copper penny or steel knife). Found globally in ophiolite belts like those in the Alps, Appalachians, and California coast ranges.
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