metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Typically light to dark green (spinach green), can be creamy white or grey. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Structure: Microcrystalline interlocking felt-like fibrous structure (extremely tough). Cleavage: None (fractures splinters). Specific Gravity: 2.9–3.1.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Typically light to dark green (spinach green), can be creamy white or grey. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Structure: Microcrystalline interlocking felt-like fibrous structure (extremely tough). Cleavage: None (fractures splinters). Specific Gravity: 2.9–3.1.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks (serpentinites) in the presence of silica-bearing fluids. Usually found in Alpine-type metamorphic belts.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used for jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, sculptures, and historically for tool making due to its extreme toughness and resistance to fracturing.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). While softer than jadeite, its fibrous structure makes it significantly tougher and less likely to shatter. It has been revered in Chinese culture for over 5,000 years, often called the 'Stone of Heaven.'
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its waxy/greasy luster when wet, extreme density, and smooth 'soapy' feel. It is commonly found in riverbeds as water-worn cobbles (boulders) or in situ within serpentinite belts. Primary locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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