mineral

Malachite

Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: Bright green to dark green; Luster: Adamantine to vitreous or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green to dark green
Luster: Adamantine to vitreous or silky

Identified June 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: Bright green to dark green; Luster: Adamantine to vitreous or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zone of copper deposits when carbonated water interacts with copper ores or by the reaction of copper-bearing solutions with limestone. Its age varies by geological deposit.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a copper ore, for decorative jewelry (cabochons), interior ornaments, and historic green pigments in paints.

Geological facts

In ancient Egypt, malachite was used as a cosmetic eye shadow. Large deposits in Russia's Ural Mountains were used to panel entire rooms in palaces. It is often found associated with blue Azurite.

Field identification & locations

Look for the characteristic 'botryoidal' (grape-like) clusters and distinct green banding. Found in copper mining districts globally, including DR Congo, Namibia, and the Southwestern USA.