mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark bands; Luster: Silky to dull; Structure: Monoclinic (botryoidal or fibrous); Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Hardness: 3
Color: bright green with light/dark bands
Luster: Silky to dull

Identified June 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark bands; Luster: Silky to dull; Structure: Monoclinic (botryoidal or fibrous); Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper deposits where carbonated waters interact with copper-bearing minerals. It is often found in limestones.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in jewelry as cabochons, decorative ornaments, carvings, and historically as a pigment for green paint.

Geological facts

Malachite was used in ancient Egypt for amulets and eye makeup. It is a secondary copper mineral and often occurs alongside blue azurite.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive concentric green banding and reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in DR Congo, Russia, Australia, and Arizona (USA).