mineral

Malachite

Malachite [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 on the Mohs scale. Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green. Luster: Adamantine, silky, or dull. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (often found in botryoidal or stalactitic masses). Cleavage: Perfect in one direction, though rarely seen in massive forms. Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green
Luster: Adamantine, silky, or dull

Identified March 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. It is a secondary mineral that precipitates from carbonated water reacting with copper-bearing minerals. Common in environments with oxidizing conditions above copper-rich zones.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in jewelry, cabochons, and ornamental objects. Historically used as a copper ore and as a green pigment in paints until the 1800s. Highly valued by mineral collectors for its unique banding patterns.

Geological facts

Ancient Egyptians often wore malachite amulets to ward off evil and used the powdered stone as eye shadow. It is almost always found associated with Azurite. Large deposits in Russia's Ural Mountains once supplied material for 'The Malachite Room' in the Winter Palace.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color and concentric 'eye' or banded patterns. It will effervesce (fizz) in contact with cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Primarily found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia, Russia, and the Southwestern USA (Arizona).