metamorphic
Marble
Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white (may vary with impurities); Luster: Pearly to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (granular texture); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral; Specific Gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pure white (may vary with impurities)
- Luster
- Pearly to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white (may vary with impurities); Luster: Pearly to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (granular texture); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral; Specific Gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. High heat and pressure cause the original carbonate grains to recrystallize into a dense interlocking mosaic of calcite or dolomite crystals.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction, sculpture, flooring, and as a crushed stone for landscaping. High-purity white marble is also ground into a powder used in papermaking, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.
Geological facts
Many of the world's most famous sculptures, such as Michelangelo's David, are carved from Carrara marble. It is highly susceptible to acid rain because of its calcium carbonate composition.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sugary, crystalline texture and its reaction (effervescence) when touched with dilute hydrochloric acid. It is softer than quartz and can be scratched with a metal nail.
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