mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Variety of Chalcedony

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Orange, reddish-brown, transluscent; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, reddish-brown, transluscent
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified May 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich fluids permeate cavities in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, often precipitating in layers. Iron oxide impurities provide the orange-red tint. Found in rocks ranging from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and as a healing stone in holistic practices. Historically used for signet rings and wax seals because hot wax does not stick to it.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly prized in Ancient Egypt, where it was called 'the setting sun' and used in the pectoral ornaments of Pharaohs like Tutankhamun.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent waxy appearance and orange hue. Often found in riverbeds or gravel deposits. Look for a conchoidal (shell-like) fracture pattern when broken.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Biotite Schist

Biotite-rich Schist [K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2]

metamorphic

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral