Diamond (in Matrix)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless to brownish-yellow; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.51

Formation & Geological History

Formed under high pressure and temperature in the Earth's mantle (150-250 km deep), then transported to the surface via kimberlite or lamproite volcanic pipes.

Uses & Applications

Primary use in jewelry as gemstones and industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.

Geological Facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural material. Most natural diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by looking for characteristic octahedral crystals within kimberlite host rock. Found primarily in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.

Identified on: 4/16/2026

Mode: Standard