metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Mineral composition: Lazurite, Calcite, Sodalite, and Pyrite)
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Deep celestial blue with golden flecks of pyrite. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component). Specific gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue with golden flecks of pyrite
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Deep celestial blue with golden flecks of pyrite. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component). Specific gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed by contact metamorphism where limestone or marble is altered by hydrothermal processes. Primarily associated with the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan which date back over 6,000 years.
Uses & applications
Mainly used in jewelry, carvings, and ornaments. Historically ground into powder to create ultramarine pigment for master paintings.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians; it was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is technically a rock rather than a single mineral because it is composed of multiple minerals.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic intense blue color and the presence of gold-colored brassy pyrite inclusions. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Myanmar. Authentic specimens will not lose color when wiped with acetone (which detects dyed jasper).
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