Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Usually deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years (clastic lithification).

Uses & Applications

Used widely as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (when high purity quartz), as grinding stones, and for landscaping.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porous nature makes it an excellent reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture. It is commonly found in desert regions, canyons, and near ancient shorelines. Look for visible layers (bedding) in larger outcroppings.

Identified on: 4/30/2026

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