sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, reddish-tan, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Usually deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years (clastic lithification).
Uses & applications
Used widely as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (when high purity quartz), as grinding stones, and for landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porous nature makes it an excellent reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture. It is commonly found in desert regions, canyons, and near ancient shorelines. Look for visible layers (bedding) in larger outcroppings.
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