metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous amphibole structure; Cleavage: None (highly resistant to fracturing); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark green to creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous amphibole structure; Cleavage: None (highly resistant to fracturing); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic igneous rocks. It is found in deposits ranging from the Precambrian to more recent geological eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, beads, and luxury decorative items. Historically used for tool and weapon heads (axes) due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of the two distinct minerals known as jade. It is significantly tougher than steel because of its felted, interlocking fibrous structure, making it the most durable natural stone. Ancient Chinese cultures valued it higher than gold.
Field identification & locations
Identification in the field involves checking for a greasy luster and extreme toughness (resistance to chipping). It is commonly found in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming (USA).
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