Rock Identifier
Turquoise (Tumbled/Polished) (Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O) — mineral
mineral

Turquoise (Tumbled/Polished)

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5.0–6.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale blue-green to dark green with possible matrix; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 2.6–2.9

Hardness
5
Color
Pale blue-green to dark green with possible matrix
Luster
Waxy to sub-vitreous
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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.0–6.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale blue-green to dark green with possible matrix; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 2.6–2.9

Formation & geological history

Formed by the percolation of meteoric water through copper-bearing aluminum-rich rocks. It is a secondary mineral typically found in arid climates. Deposits vary in age but are often found in formations millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons, beads) and ornamental carvings. It has been a prized decorative stone for over 3,000 years in various cultures.

Geological facts

Turquoise was one of the first gemstones ever mined; the ancient Egyptians mined it in the Sinai Peninsula. The name comes from the French word for 'Turkish', as the stone originally reached Europe via Turkey from mines in Persia.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct robin's egg blue to green color and association with copper deposits in desert regions like the Southwestern US, Iran, and China. Collectors look for 'spiderweb' matrix patterns and vibrant color saturation.

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