Mineral

Jasper (specifically Polychrome or Desert Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide with impurities (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Variegated red, tan, and green; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91

Hardness: 6
Color: Variegated red, tan, and green
Luster: Dull to vitreous

Identified March 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica-rich water into the cracks and cavities of volcanic rocks or sedimentary environments. Most high-quality Jasper specimens found today date back to the Cretaceous or Tertiary periods, forming through hydrothermal processes.

Uses & applications

Used primarily for lapidary work, jewelry (cabochons), interior decoration (slabs and carvings), and as a popular collector's specimen due to its unique patterns.

Geological facts

Jasper has been used as a gemstone since antiquity; it was mentioned in many ancient texts and used for seals and amulets. The colors are provided by mineral inclusions, commonly hematite (red) or clay minerals (green/tan).

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its smooth, waxy feel when wet, high hardness (cannot be scratched by a steel knife), and blocky, angular fractures. Common locations include Madagascar, South Africa, and the Western United States (Oregon/Idaho).

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