mineral

Native Copper (Penny specimen)

Native Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5–3 on Mohs scale; Color: Copper-red to brown; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric/Cubic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.94.

Hardness: 2
Color: Copper-red to brown
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 8, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5–3 on Mohs scale; Color: Copper-red to brown; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric/Cubic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.94.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in hydrothermal veins or as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. Often found in basaltic lavas or associated with sedimentary rocks through precipitation from copper-rich fluids.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in electrical wiring and electronics due to high conductivity. Also used in construction (roofing/plumbing), coinage, jewelry, and as an industrial catalyst.

Geological facts

Copper was the first metal to be worked by humans around 8000 BC. The largest known single mass of native copper was found in Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula, weighing 420 tons.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density, metallic luster, and characteristic 'penny' color (oxidizes to green patina). Common locations include the Keweenaw Peninsula (USA), Chile, and Australia. Collectors look for dendritic or arborescent crystal habits.