mineral
Rough Citrine Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to golden-brown, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous and metamorphic environments, often in pegmatites. Most commercial citrine is created by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz to alter iron oxidation states.
Uses & applications
Primary use in jewelry as a gemstone, crystal healing/metaphysics, and as display specimens for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Natural citrine is quite rare; the name comes from the French word 'citron' meaning lemon. It is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its transparent yellow hue and lack of cleavage. Look for 'burnt' orange or white bases if it is heat-treated amethyst. Frequently found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.
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