mineral
Diamond (in jewelry setting)
Diamond (C - Pure Carbon)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless/transparent, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless/transparent, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's lithospheric mantle, typically 150-200km deep. Transported to the surface by kimberlite or lamproite volcanic eruptions.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in high-end jewelry (engagement rings) and industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The oldest diamonds are estimated to be over 3 billion years old. Famous specimens include the Hope Diamond and the Cullinan diamond.
Field identification & locations
Identify by extreme hardness (scratches all other minerals), high refractive index (brilliance), and thermal conductivity. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in locations like South Africa, Russia, and Canada.
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