mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (common) to various hues, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic (Isometric), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified June 10, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (common) to various hues, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic (Isometric), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed deep within the Earth's mantle (150-200km) under extreme pressure and heat, then transported to the surface via volcanic eruptions in kimberlite pipes. Most are 1-3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in fine jewelry, and in industry for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth. They are the only gemstone made of a single element: Carbon. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by other minerals) and high refractive index. Commonly found in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia in kimberlite or lampriote deposits.