metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: deep green to olive; Luster: vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- deep green to olive
- Luster
- vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: deep green to olive; Luster: vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of ultrabasic rocks or dolomitic limestones, specifically through hydrothermal alteration. Typically found in serpentinite environments.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for jewelry, ornamental carvings, statuettes, and historically for durable tool-making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than jadeite due to its interwoven fibrous structure. It has been used by various cultures for over 5,000 years, particularly in China and by the Maori in New Zealand.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy luster, high toughness (resists breaking), and smooth, waxy feel. Often found as water-worn pebbles in rivers near serpentine deposits. Common in British Columbia, Taiwan, and New Zealand.
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