Quartzite (Lithic Artifact)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan/buff/grey, Luster: vitreous to dull, Crystal structure: Trigonal (granulated), Cleavage: none (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the metamorphism of quartz-rich sandstone under intense heat and pressure. This specific specimen appears to be a 'lithic flake' or 'debitage,' a byproduct of prehistoric stone tool manufacturing (knapping).

Uses & Applications

Historically used for stone tools (scrapers, projectile points) due to its durability. Modernly used in construction, as railway ballast, and in glass manufacturing.

Geological Facts

Quartzite is so hard it can scratch steel. This specimen shows evidence of 'bulb of percussion' and 'flake scars,' suggesting it was intentionally struck by a human rather than just broken naturally.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its sugary texture and the way it breaks across grain boundaries (unlike sandstone). Look for sharp edges and intentional flaking patterns indicating archaeological significance.

Identified on: 4/20/2026

Mode: Standard