mineral

Quartz (Citrine variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs), Color: Yellow to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal system: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65

Identified May 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs), Color: Yellow to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal system: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Commonly forms in magmatic processes in pegmatites or in hydrothermal veins and cavities. While natural citrine is rare, much of it is formed when amethyst or smoky quartz is heated by nearby geothermal activity or artificial heat.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry (faceting and cabochons), as decorative display specimens, and in alternative healing practices as a 'stone of abundance'.

Geological facts

Citrine is often called the 'Merchants Stone' for its association with prosperity. Most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst; natural citrine typically has a paler, uniform yellow-to-gold color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and transparent-to-translucent yellow hue. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.