Granite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Phaneritic texture with salt-and-pepper appearance (white, grey, and black); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained granular; Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granite dates back to the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras and forms in the cores of mountain ranges.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.

Geological Facts

Granite makes up a large portion of the continental crust. Because it is so hard and durable, it was used by Ancient Egyptians to build pyramids and statues that have survived for thousands of years.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its 'speckled' look with visible crystals of quartz (clear/white), feldspar (opaque white/pink), and mica (black/shiny). It is ubiquitous in continental mountain ranges and riverbeds.

Identified on: 4/19/2026

Mode: Standard