metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Lizardite (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to blackish-green, often mottled. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (usually massive). Cleavage: Poor.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Olive green to blackish-green, often mottled
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to blackish-green, often mottled. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (usually massive). Cleavage: Poor.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinization) in metamorphic environments, specifically in subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as an architectural ornamental stone, source of magnesium, historical source of asbestos (in chrysotile form), and for carving figurines or lapidary work.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California and is named for its resemblance to the skin of a serpent. It often contains traces of magnetite which can make some specimens slightly magnetic.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'greasy' feel, green mottled appearance, and relatively low hardness compared to quartz. Common in ophiolite complexes.
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