igneous
Obsidian (Apache Tear)
Obsidian / Amorphous Volcanic Glass (main component: SiO2)
Hardness: 5.0–5.5; Color: Jet black to dark brown; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 2.3–2.6
- Hardness
- 5
- Color
- Jet black to dark brown
- Luster
- Vitreous/Glassy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5.0–5.5; Color: Jet black to dark brown; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 2.3–2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the rapid cooling of rhyolitic lava that prevents crystal growth. These specific rounded nodules are typically formed within a perlite matrix and date from the Cenozoic Era through to modern volcanic activity.
Uses & applications
Used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), metaphysical practice, and decorative carving. Historically used for sharp tools and projectile points.
Geological facts
Legend says that in the 1870s, the wives of Apache warriors wept after their husbands perished in battle, and their tears turned to stone upon hitting the ground. They are unique among obsidians because they are often found as naturally rounded 'pebbles'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its glass-like texture, rounded shape, and conchoidal fracture if chipped. It is translucent when held up to a strong light source. Commonly found in the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada).
