![Lapis Lazuli (Na8[Al6Si6O24]S2) — metamorphic](https://media.rock.id/c676ab8c-623f-4929-9cd4-3cdd26f26d6f-compressed.jpg)
metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Na8[Al6Si6O24]S2
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite streaks; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Aggregate; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9.
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite streaks; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Aggregate; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or dolomite is altered by hydrothermal activity. Major deposits are found in marble matrices and originated over 60 million years ago.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and pigments for fine arts. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' paint.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was highly prized by ancient Egyptians, who used it for the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It has been mined in the Sar-e-Sang mines of Afghanistan for over 6,000 years.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic royal blue color and the presence of golden pyrite specks. Found primarily in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. Collectors look for deep color saturation with minimal calcite.
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