Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite streaks; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Aggregate; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or dolomite is altered by hydrothermal activity. Major deposits are found in marble matrices and originated over 60 million years ago.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and pigments for fine arts. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' paint.

Geological Facts

Lapis lazuli was highly prized by ancient Egyptians, who used it for the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It has been mined in the Sar-e-Sang mines of Afghanistan for over 6,000 years.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its characteristic royal blue color and the presence of golden pyrite specks. Found primarily in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. Collectors look for deep color saturation with minimal calcite.

Identified on: 5/5/2026

Mode: Standard