mineral

Galena

Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 - 2.75 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead gray to silver; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric/Cubic; Cleavage: Perfect cubic in three directions; Specific Gravity: 7.2 - 7.6 (noticeably heavy).

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead gray to silver
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in hydrothermal veins and sedimentary exhalative deposits. Often found in contact metamorphic rocks and as a replacement in limestone or dolomite. It can be found in rocks from the Proterozoic to more recent geological ages.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of lead. Historically used for silver extraction (argentiferous galena), early radio crystals (Cat's Whisker detectors), semiconductor research, and as an additive in ceramic glazes. It is a popular mineral for educational and private collections.

Geological facts

Galena is the most important ore of lead and was used in Ancient Egypt for 'kohl' eye makeup. It often contains up to 1% silver content. Many famous specimens come from the Joplin, Missouri area and the mines of Cumbria, England.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density (feels very heavy for its size), silver-gray metallic luster, and its tendency to break into perfect cubes. Found in lead-zinc mining districts worldwide (USA, Mexico, Peru). Collectors should handle with care due to lead content and wash hands after touching.