mineral

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Purple, violet, or lavender
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified May 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and cavities (geodes) of igneous rocks when silica-rich water cools and leaves behind crystals. The purple color comes from irradiation and iron impurities.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry, as gemstone ornaments, and highly valued by mineral collectors for its aesthetic appeal.

Geological facts

Amethyst is the birthstone for February. Ancient Greeks believed it could prevent intoxication, which is why its name comes from the Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not drunken'.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive purple color and hardness (it can scratch glass). It is commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, and Zambia. Collectors look for deep violet hues with minimal zoning.