mineral

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5–7; Color: Olive green, lime green, or yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.2–4.3

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive green, lime green, or yellowish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified July 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7; Color: Olive green, lime green, or yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.2–4.3

Formation & geological history

Primary mineral in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks (basalt, gabbro, peridotite). Formed deep in Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity or tectonic uplift. Also found in Pallasite meteorites.

Uses & applications

Used as a gemstone (Peridot) for jewelry, as a slag conditioner in steel making, as a casting sand in foundries, and for carbon sequestration research.

Geological facts

Olivine is one of the most common minerals on Earth by volume, as it makes up much of the upper mantle. It is also found in lunar rocks and meteorites, making it an extra-terrestrial mineral.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive olive-green color and sugary (granular) texture in basaltic rocks. Look for glassy, translucent green crystals in dark volcanic stones. Common locations include Arizona, Hawaii, Norway, and Egypt.