metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Silicate mineral: Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Dark spinach green to creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark spinach green to creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Dark spinach green to creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03
Formation & geological history
Forms through low-grade metamorphism of ultramafic rocks or metasomatism of magnesium-rich limestones. Most deposits are associated with subduction zones and mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (rings, beads, pendants), ornamental carvings, and historical tools or weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite jade is tougher than steel because of its interlocking felted fibrous structure. It has been used for thousands of years in Chinese culture as a symbol of purity and moral integrity.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, smoothness, and 'cold to the touch' feel. Found commonly in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Taiwan. Collectors should check for translucency and lack of air bubbles (which indicate glass imitations).
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