mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark grey to black with a metallic luster (in polished form); Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26; Luster: Metallic to submetallic.

Hardness: 5
Color: Dark grey to black with a metallic luster (in polished form)
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified January 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in sedimentary environments through the precipitation of iron from water, often found in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs). It can also form as a result of volcanic activity or hydrothermal veins. Deposits range from the Precambrian era to more recent geological periods.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production. Polished stones are used extensively in jewelry (beads and pendants) and for ornamental carvings. It is also used as a pigment (red ochre) and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

Despite its metallic black exterior, hematite produces a characteristic rust-red streak when scratched against a porcelain plate. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haima,' meaning blood, referring to this red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (it feels heavy for its size) and the reddish-brown streak test. Common locations include the Lake Superior region (USA/Canada), Brazil, Australia, and China. Collectors look for its smooth, botryoidal (grape-like) shapes or 'specularite' variety which has small, glittery flakes.