mineral

White Topaz

Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide; Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (clear); Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 3.4–3.6.

Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale
Color: Colorless (clear)
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 8 on the Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (clear); Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 3.4–3.6.

Formation & geological history

Formed in late stages of igneous rock cooling, specifically in acidic igneous rocks like pegmatites or rhyolites. It occurs in cavities often as a result of hydrothermal activity. Geological ages vary widely based on the host rock formation.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry (often as a more affordable substitute for diamond) and as a physical source of aluminum in minor industrial applications.

Geological facts

Topaz is pleochroic, meaning it can show different colors in different crystal directions. White topaz is frequently treated with irradiation and heat to create the vibrant blue colors common in the jewelry market.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high hardness (it can scratch quartz), perfect cleavage, and high specific gravity. Commonly found in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Russia (Ural Mountains), and the United States (Texas, Colorado).

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