metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale depending on mineral mix); Color: Greenish-grey, dark green, or black; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor to perfect depending on mineral (usually massive); Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs scale depending on mineral mix)
- Color
- Greenish-grey, dark green, or black
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale depending on mineral mix); Color: Greenish-grey, dark green, or black; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor to perfect depending on mineral (usually massive); Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle (peridotite) at low temperatures and high pressures in subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative building stone, in sculpture, as a source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-quality varieties like 'Green Marble' are used for flooring and counter tops.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It can host unique ecosystems because the soil it produces is high in heavy metals and low in essential nutrients.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic green color and 'snake-skin' waxy texture. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and along tectonic plate boundaries/fault zones.
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