Amber (and Citrine Quartz)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Amber) and 7.0 (Citrine). Color: Honey yellow to cognac brown. Luster: Resinous to Vitreous. Structure: Amorphous (Amber) vs Hexagonal (Citrine).

Formation & Geological History

Amber is fossilized tree resin, primarily from the Eocene epoch (34-56 million years ago). Citrine quartz forms in hydro-thermal veins or through the heat treatment of amethyst.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry, beadwork, and decorative arts. Amber has also been used in traditional medicine and for scientific study of inclusions.

Geological Facts

Amber often contains perfectly preserved 'inclusions' of insects or plant matter from millions of years ago, acting as a natural time capsule. Most 'citrine' in commercial jewelry is actually heat-treated amethyst.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify amber by its warmth to the touch and low density (it may float in salt water). Citrine can be identified by its color and 7.0 Mohs hardness which scratches glass.

Identified on: 4/21/2026

Mode: Standard